The Réseau du Musée de l'Homme was an anti-Nazi propaganda rebel circle positioned in the Musée de l'Homme in Paris during the German occupation in World War Two.[1] Produced out of a Franco-German armistice that ceded the "Battle of France,"[2] and cut two-thirds of the state in

German hands on June 25, 1940, the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme was a resistance affiliation of heroines and scholars who rejected open collaboration and sought to remodel "French vitality and

independence,"[3] by distributing an underground newspaper that presented accurate information as opposed to a biased press and denounced German rule.[4] While the resistance was hunted down on German intelligence and existed to discourage Parisians from following suit with the execution of twenty-eight faculty by 1942, women like Germaine Tillion, Yvonne Oddon, Agnés Humbert and

Espérance Blain contributed to the composing and direction of the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme and this tour will follow the role of women in the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme resistance group in occupied Paris during World War Two.[5]

With six points of interest concerning the École Militaire, Place du Trocadéro, the Musée de l'Homme, Cite de l'architecture et du patrimoine, Musée d'Art Moderne, along with the Palais de Chaillot, this tour will further investigate the rise and fall of the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme resistance movement. After meeting behind the Ecole de Guerre near the École Militaire to see an effigy of World War One General Mangin destroyed in the summer of 1940, retired veterans Paul Hauet and Dutheil de la Rochére were directed to the Musée de l'Homme resistance by Germaine Tillion.[6] As a "vast open esplanade,"[7] the Place du Trocadéro wields a view of the École Militaire through the curved legs of the Eiffel Tower and came as the nucleus of the Art Deco headquarters where the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme originated.[8] With the consent of anthropologist and lead forerunner Paul Rivet, the Musée de l'Homme formed the headquarters for the resistance ring and was infiltrated by the Geheime Feld Polizei in February 1941.[9] The article Résistance came out of the Musée de l'Homme on December 15, 1940 after Humbert conferred on Musée d'Art Moderne

director Jean Cassou about German articles in the Musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires, which has relocated to the Bois de Boulogne to leave the Cite de l'architecture et du patrimoine.[10] While it will be used to recite a Gestapo raiding on Rivet's apartment, the Palais de Chaillot will recount and conclude the failure of the Réseau du Musée de l'Homme resistance by 1942.[11]

[1] David Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night: The Story of the French Resistance (Scarborough: New American Library, 1980), 71.: Alan Riding, And the Show Went On (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), 109.

[2] Churchill, Winston. 1940. "The Battle for Britain." Vital Speeches Of The Day 6, no. 18: 559. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 25, 2017), 562.

[3] Harry Roderick Kedward, Occupied France: Collaboration and Resistance 1940-1944 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1985), 1.

[4] Richard Griffiths, Marshal Pétain (London: Constable & Company Ltd, 1970), 242.: Alan Riding, And the Show Went on, 108.: Margaret Collins. Weitz, Sisters in the Resistance: How Women Fought to Free France 1940-1945 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 1995), 68.: Lynne Taylor, Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-45 (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000), 63-64.

[5] Kedward, Occupied France, 53.: Riding, And the Show Went on, 116.: Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 69-79, 108-125.

[6] Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 69-70.

[7] Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 70.

[8] Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 70.: Riding, And the Show Went on, 109.

[9] Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 78.: Riding, And the Show Went on, 109.: Blake Ehrlich, The French Resistance: 1940-1945 (London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1966), 39.: Rebecca J. DeRoo, The Museum Establishment and Contemporary Art: The Politics of Artistic Display in France after 1968 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 37.

[10] Collins, Sisters in the Resistance, 59.: Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 73.: Adams, Brooks. 2010. "Musee Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires." Art in America no. 5: 171. Academic OneFile, EBSCOhost (accessed October 26, 2017), 1.

[11] Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night, 114.

On this tour, we will visit the following sites:

École Militaire

Place du Trocadéro

Musée de l'Homme

Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine

Musée d'Art Moderne

Palais de Chaillot

This tour has two primary goals. The first is to gain an understanding of the Musée de l'Homme Resistance by following it from its beginnings to its ultimate demise. The second is to examine the role of women within the organization. This will be done by looking at the impacts various women had on the resistance, the roles they held within it, and how their trials were handled in comparison to the males who they worked, and were arrested with.