The Yates Street Heritage District is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in St. Catharines. It sits along the banks of Twelve Mile Creek and is located on Yates Street between St. Paul Street West and College Street. It also encompasses some parts of Trafalgar Street, Salina Street, and Norris Place. The district was founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s and was originally owned by William Hamilton Merritt. However, Yates Street was named in honour of John B. Yates whom was an American investor of the Welland Canal Company. In the past, Yates Street was an area filled with mills due to the reliability of the founded artesian well containing flowing mineral water, which was extremely valuable at the time. People recognized that drinking and/or bathing in the water could be used as an effective treatment method for curing several illnesses, which prompted the development of two spa resorts on the street. In addition, over the years, many businesses began to open along the banks of the Welland Canal, which was also near Yates Street. As a result, mill owners and managers began to build and reside in large, elegant homes in the area. Today, there are currently 114 properties that remain on the street, which are mostly residential and are used for a variety of purposes. Home owners and locals have also preserved the integrity of the district by maintaining the trees on the properties, creating beautiful tree-lined streetscapes. In 2017, McGarr Realtors has chosen to build a modern six-story condominium along Yates Street in hopes to commemorate its past history and promote the future through luxurious living in the metropolitan district of St. Catharines. All in all, while Yates Street is no longer surrounded by mills and businesses, the city of St. Catharines has ensured that the elegant homes on Yates Street Heritage District remain to be preserved for historic conservation.
Municipality: St. Catharines
Local area name: Yates Street Heritage District
Other identifying names or descriptions: Yates Street, Yates Street Heritage Conservation District, Yates Street Residential District, Between St. Paul Street West and College Street
Latitude and longitude
Latitude: 43.1550719
Longitude: -79.2533304
Physical Dimensions
Length: 679.63m
Width: 221.95m
Surface Area: 92,170.46m2
Elevation:
Lowest point: 95m
Highest point: 112m
Yates Street Heritage District is a cute, picturesque neighbourhood located between St. Paul Street West and College Street in downtown St. Catharines. It is one of the oldest neighbourhoods that was once home to some of the wealthiest and significant citizens in the city. It was originally founded by William Hamilton Merritt and named after John B. Yates. Today, William Hamilton Merritt's former home, 12 Yates Street more commonly known as Oak Hill, which is located at the corner of Yates Street and St. Paul Street West, remains to be a well-known landmark to many St. Catharines residents. Currently, his house is being utilized by Bell Media and C.K.T.B.'s radio station (97.7 FM), owned by the Niagara Broadcasting Co. Ltd. Although the homes along the district date back 150 years ago, Yates Street Heritage District continues to be sought after by many and inhabits hundreds of St. Catharines citizens. To this day, Yates Street continues to have a huge impact on the St. Catharines community because of the architectural, scenic, and historical significance worth conserving. The Heritage Advisory Committee is responsible for ensuring that the district continues to be maintained, protected, and enhanced in order to preserve the historic conservation and heritage resources of the neighbourhood. Fortunately, since Yates Street is under The Ontario Heritage Act, it is important to note that there are very minimal changes that have and will occur around the area throughout the years.
Map 1: General location of Yates Street Heritage District, including Yates Street, Trafalgar Street, Salina Street, and Norris Place (Source: Google Maps)
Figure 1: Google Street View of Yates Street Heritage District, beginning at 12 Yates Street at the corner of Yates Street and St. Paul Street West (Source: Google Street View)
Figure 2: Aerial view of Yates Street Heritage District in1934, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018 (Source: Niagara Navigator)
Although humans encounter different types of animal and plant species every single day, they tend to disregard the significance of other living organisms due to the misunderstanding that they are useless and hold no value to the environment. However, it is important to recognize that plants are the basis of life on earth. They produce oxygen and provide habitats and food for all living creatures (Hough, 2004, pp. 86). As a result, plants are an important and integral part to all types of environments. Furthermore, animals have an important role in the ecosystem where some animals are responsible for nutrients while others are responsible for decomposition, carbon and the nitrogen cycle (Naiman, 1988). Therefore, all animal and plant species in the ecosystem co-exist and balance each other out playing an important role for the lives of humans and most importantly, the earth.
Plant Species:
Yates Street Heritage District is well known for the beautiful tree-line streetscape that surrounds the neighourhood and gives it its character. Since Yates Street is an urban neighbourhood, the impact of St. Catharines has had a huge impact on the plant community. According to Hough (2004), there are three different groups that plant communities can be classified under, including cultivated, native, and naturalized (Hough, 2004, pp 89). Yates Street's plant community falls under the native group because the trees in the area continue to remain unaltered by human impact (Hough, 2004, pp 89). All 114 properties in the area are well maintained with modern front lawn landscapes and shrub foundation plantings (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994). It is mostly grassy area and most of the trees are tree-lined with a healthy, mature-canopy, made up of a variety of different species. As shown on Figure 3, some tree species that can be identified at Yates Street include, sugar and silver maple, horse chestnut, London plane tree, Norway maple, and black lotus (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994).
The City of St. Catharines has instilled a tree planting program to conserve the past history of Yates Street and maintain the plant species in the area. In general, the tree planting program plants tree species, which develop into canopy trees, are environmentally hardy, and have green summer foliage (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1995). They do this by observing the trees regularly and pruning dead or diseased limbs if required. They also plant trees in the area where they are lacking or replanting them in areas where they had been removed (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1995). For example, although Yates Street is heavily maintained, as you move further away from the residential neighbourhood towards Ontario Street, there are fewer mature trees and the scenery changes from residential to the central business district of St. Catharines (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1995).
Figure 3: The different types of tree species along Yates Street Heritage District (Source: Google Maps)
Animal Species:
Downtown St. Catharines has become extremely urbanized and populated, which has dramatically altered natural habitats and wildlife communities (Hough, 2004, pp. 133). However, as previously mentioned, since Yates Street's plant community continues to be conserved and falls under the native group, this also supports native habitat area for animal species. Therefore, many native birds and animals continue to inhabit Yates Street in their natural environment. Some common animal species that can be found in an urban neighbourhood include, several types of birds, squirrels, raccoons, rats and mice, rabbits, cockroaches, skunks, seagulls, pigeons, robins, ants, etc. (Ditchkoff, Saalfeld, & Gibson, 2006). While a variety of animal species is beneficial for the area, some may view that it is a nuance to residents. When animals and people share a limited amount of space, the likelihood of infestations can increase, which could become a huge problem to property owners. In addition, urban areas can also increase some wildlife populations (Hough, 2004, pp. 157), such as raccoons because since they depend on garbage and waste as a means for food, raccoons will generally live in neighbourhoods where access for food is easy. Conversely, due to urban contaminants, such as toxic chemicals, it can also become a disadvantage for wildlife species (Hough, 2004, pp. 158). Nevertheless, it is important to preserve the wildlife community in urban areas, such as Yates Street by identifying and protecting the current animal species, restoring the degraded habitats (if any), and identifying the potential species that can arise in the future (Hough, 2004, pp. 143).
Figure 4: Some of the different animal species that can be seen around Yates Street Heritage District (Source: Google Images)
b) Geomorphology:
Yates Street Heritage District is a well-established area located in a long, narrow neighbourhood with many commercial and institutional buildings surrounding it. Although the neighbourhood is quiet and secluded from the downtown core, it is enclosed by extremely busy transportation routes, creating large amounts of emission, traffic, and pollution. Therefore, the planning committee of St. Catharines must be knowledgeable of the soil properties, climate, and the water cycle (Wessolek, 2008, pp. 161) to ensure that the sealing of soil can withstand many factors. In addition, since Yates Street is a neighbourhood, it is extremely important to seal the area, which means covering and paving soil surfaces (Wessolek, 2008, 162). However, as shown in Figure 5, there are many consequences of sealing that need to be analyzed.
Figure 5: The consequences of sealing (Source: Wessolek, 2008)
Although Yates Street dates back to hundreds of years ago, the city of St. Catharines must ensure that the sealing is not compromised over the years. Based on classification of urban areas sealing classes chart shown in Table 1, Yates Street Heritage District had a sealing class I. Nevertheless, as St. Catharines continues to develop, the area is unable to handle a single degree of sealing and necessary measures need to be put in place (Wessolek, 2008, 163).
Figure 6: The Classification of Urban Areas Sealing Classes (Source: Wessolek, 2008)
Lastly, while Yates Street is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in St. Catharines, as urbanization in St. Catharines continues to develop and population increases, there will be a shifting of soil beneath the ground. This is called settling. This occurs when the soil beneath the ground begins to shift due to improper backfilled soil and can result in cracks, which can weaken a house's structure. Unfortunately, a couple years ago, the oldest house on Yates Street began to sink due to settling. 31 Yates Street was constructed in 1840 making it the oldest home in the neighbourhood. Similar to 20 Yates Street shown in Figure 7c., 31 Yates Street was built in a Georgian style, which can be seen with the hipped roof and four chimneys, rectangular windows with shutters, and classic entablatures (The St. Catharines Heritage Committee, n.d.). This is a common problem for hundreds of old home owners because of burst water pipes, cracks in the foundation, etc. or unavoidable factors, such as natural changes in the environment. While a settling house generally does not cause extreme problems, it can lead to foundation damage. As a result, it is important to ensure to look for signs and keeping a close eye on the condition of the home.
Yates Street Heritage District sits along the Twelve Mile Creek and is near the Welland Canal. In the past, many important and wealthy business men, including William Hamilton Merritt decided to inhabit Yates Street due to its prime location. Firstly, while William Hamilton Merritt was searching for water due to depletion in other parts, he discovered that there was mineral water flowing in the area. Over the years, the area continued to populated and eventually became an extremely popular destination spot for business owners and vacationers. In addition, with the help of many investors, he also founded the Welland Canal Company.
Figure 7: William Hamilton Merritt and the Welland Canal Company Formed in 1824 (Source: Google Images)
Today, hydrogeology continues to be very important on the street as well as the entire city in order to find solutions for water problems. Since Yates Street is located in an urbanized area in downtown St. Catharines, the hydrologic cycle has been severely altered. Humans extract water for urban uses and modifies biophysical structures or substituting built infrastructure in order to control and transfer water flow. As the city begins to develop more and more, there is a decrease in precipitation, resulting in a decrease in infiltration and an increase in surface runoff (Paul & Meyer 2008). Humans have implemented the use of sewers, gutters, pipes, drains, etc. Through these, they can also manipulate the movement of water, traveling quicker and collecting human-made organic and inorganic pollutants along the way until it reaches a treatment plant or a body of water. This cycle that humans have created disrupts the physical, chemical, and biological elements for ecosystem (Alberti, 2008, pp. 134). In comparison to rural areas, over the last couple decades, urban cities have an increased amount of rainfall patterns and daily precipitation trends have changed significantly (Alberti, 2008, pp. 136).
As the years progress, there has been new methods of transportation, which is highly more favoured than by ships. Although the Welland Canal is no longer the top means of transportation, it still continues to run today. Finally, while the Springbank Hotel and the Stephenson House Hotel as shown in Figure 10 is no longer on Yates Street and has turned into new residential homes as shown in Figure 8, it remains to be of high importance to the street and the city and will continue on in history forever. All in all, it is evident that many people have started to move from rural towns to urban areas. However, it is important to analyze the consequences of urban areas with regards to hydrogeology and the water cycle.
Figure 8: The Springbank Hotel and the Stephenson House Hotel Today (Source: Google Maps and Google Images)
Yates Street Heritage District is situated in the downtown core of St. Catharines where there are many businesses and buildings, which drastically changes the climate and microclimate of the city. Although Yates Street has been around for hundreds of years, there is an increase in population and urbanization around the area. Generally speaking, in comparison to rural areas, urban areas are warmer due to several factors (Chung, 2018). According to many studies conducted in the past, the air, surface, and soil temperatures are always warmer in urban areas compared to rural areas where there is a lot of open land and greenery (Mills, 2016). This is because buildings and other structures are able to store more heat during the day trapping it inside and affecting the absorption of solar radiation, surface temperature, evaporation rates, storage of heat, and the turbulence and wind climates (Mills, 2016). In addition, paved roads and concrete of buildings are able to conduct heat quicker than soil or vegetated surfaces (Hough, 2004, pp. 190). Fortunately, although Yates Street is located around a busy area of St. Catharines where there are many buildings, it sits along the Twelve Mile Creek (St. Catharines, 2014) and the houses have large green spaces that can counteract the heat being stored from the paved roads. Therefore, it is important to understand that human activities, such as building large businesses in an already populated, busy area has a profound influence on the local climate and microclimate. Also, it is essential to have areas of open space in order for heat and wind to pass through more easily. Downtown Toronto, for example is considered an urban heat island because of the built environment of countless numbers of large, tall buildings, pavement, concrete, etc. absorbing so much heat, which threatens human health especially during times of extreme heat events (Rinner & Hussain, 2011). However, it is important to note that although it has numerous disadvantages, some people believe that it can be seen as a potential benefit because it reduces the need for heating during the winter months (Mills, 2016). Unfortunately, as St. Catharines continues to develop, in the future, the climate will continue to affect the local area and begin to affect it regionally due to air pollution and global warming (Hough, 2004, pp. 190).
Figure 9: Comparison of different areas vs. temperature (Source: Google Images)
Before European settlement, it is believed that St. Catharines was heavily populated with Indian encampments in North America. In 1790, European settlers began settling in St. Catharines when two Loyalists settled on two opposite banks of the creek. As the land in St. Catharines began to clear out and settlement increased, water supply in the mills slowly began to diminish (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994). Due to this, it was only in the late 1800's to early 1900's when William Hamilton Merritt decided to venture off and search for a better water supply for his mills (St. Catharines, 2014). Fortunately, he began building a mill along the shores of the Twelve Mile Creek. There he discovered an artesian well with flowing mineral water. The mineral water was extremely valuable at the time where it was boiled leaving behind any salt residue, which was believed to cure many illnesses if drank or bathed in (The St. Catharines Heritage Committee, n.d.).
From 1860's to 1890's, Yates Street became very a popular destination site for the "healing waters". There were two spas, the Stephenson House Hotel and the Springbank Hotel, both located along Yates Street. The Stephenson House Hotel was founded by Dr. William Chace, who originally discovered that the mineral water had "healing powers" to cure different types of ailments. However, since he was unable to build the resort, he sold the land to E.W. Stephenson, who later built and opened the resort's doors in 1865. The spa attracted individuals all around Eastern North America. However, as the years progressed, there was a decrease in visitors, which resulted in the closure of the spa in the 1890's. On the other hand, the Springbank Hotel is the other elegant spa resort on Yates Street. The Springbank Hotel was founded by Dr. Theophilus Mack and opened in 1865. The resort offered many services such as, fine dining, elegant rooms, and entertainment for the wealthy guests. Once the resort was opened, it attracted tourists from all over the world between May to November every single year. During the off-season months, from December to April, the spa facilities were available for locals of St. Catharines to enjoy. However, the late 1800's, the spa was no longer a population destination site because other options became available as transportation services improved. In 1889, it shut down and unfortunately, a fire destroyed the hotel in 1903 (The St. Catharines Heritage Committee, n.d.).
Figure 10: The two very popular spa resorts on Yates Street (Source: Google Images)
Although William Hamilton Merritt founded what was later Yates Street, it was named after John B. Yates as a recognition for his investment and interest (St. Catharines, 2014). At the time, John B. Yates was a financier, speculator, and a good friend to William Hamilton Merritt. In fact, he was one of the investors of the Welland Canal Company who played a huge role in the formation of the company through purchasing a large amount of stocks (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994).
By 1824, William Hamilton Merritt had formed the Welland Canal Company. In 1829 when the Welland Canal was finished, it began to offer local industries a more efficient transportation method. As a result, industrial ventures began to increase significantly and many companies began to relocate their businesses, which meant that business owners also began to reside in the area. By the late 1830's, Yates Street was one of the most important industrial centres in the city of St. Catharines. As the years went on, since the businesses were so close to Yates Street, the construction of roads began opening opportunities for residential developments (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994). The residents were very wealthy men who wanted very large, elegant homes with elaborate styles. This can still be seen today, with all the houses on the street with different styles, such as Italiante, Classic Revival, Georgian, and Neo-Tudor, which are not commonly seen in the city. Therefore, although the downtown core of St. Catharines has changed dramatically, many of the original houses still remain on the street today (The St. Catharines Heritage Committee, n.d.).
Figure 11: The elaborate style homes on Yates Street (Source: Google Maps)
Education / Interpretation:
Yates Street Heritage District holds so much history in the city of St. Catharines. Fortunately, due to its history, there are a number of ways that tourists and locals can educate themselves on the history of the city. There are several websites that talk about the history of Yates Street Heritage District and there are even walking tours that have been designed to help people navigate their way around the historical sites of St. Catharines.
St. Catharines has created a page on the city website talking about the history of St. Catharines and how it is today. If you are interested, please click the link below:
Website: https://www.stcatharines.ca/en/experiencein/YatesS...
Students at The University of Waterloo conducted a study research questioned current residents on their personal experiences living in the district by doing door-to-door. If you would like to know more about the study, please visit the link below:
Website: https://uwaterloo.ca/heritage-resources-centre/sit...
In 2017, St. Catharines Museum has created a walking tour specifically talking about the history of the Stephenson House Hotel that sadly burned down in 1930. If you are interested, please click the website below:
Website: https://stcatharinesmuseumblog.com/2017/03/10/a-wa...
Tourist St. Catharines has also created a walking tour that shows all the historical sites around the downtown core of St. Catharines. If you are interested in learning all about St. Catharines, please click the link below:
Website: http://www.tourstcatharines.com/tours-oldtown.shtm...
The MAP Library at Brock University has many educational pamphlets and resources in order for students to learn more about the city. Specifically, there is a pamphlet produced by the St. Catharines Heritage Committee on a short walking tour of Yates Street Heritage District. If you would like you grab one please visit the MAP Library at:
Mackenzie Chown Complex Room C-306
MCC306
Hours of Operation:
Monday – Thursday: 8:30am-7:00pm
Friday: 8:30am-4:30pm
Weekends and Holidays: CLOSED
Website: https://brocku.ca/library/collections/mdg/mdgl/
Niagara Watch also has two educational videos of a walk along Yates Street. If you would like to watch it, please watch Part 1 and Part 2 below:
Architectural Heritage:
Yates Street is a heritage district, which means that it is protected by the Ontario Heritage Act. Yates Street must be recognized, protected, and enhanced forever. Moreover, they are responsible for ensuring that Yates Street remains to be protected with the existing features, including the physical environment, houses, structures and the spaces around them, distinctive planting, such as plants and trees, etc. from any adverse physical changes and ensures that any future developments are following the existing heritage features. As a result, there are a very limited amount of changes that have occurred in the built environment over the years.
As previously mentioned, Yates Street was home to some of the most important and wealthiest men of St. Catharines. The houses that were built and inhabited by these men are still standing today being utilized with some of St. Catharines current residents. If you would like to know more details about the significance of each house, please visit the MAP Library at Brock University and grab a pamphlet of the "Short Walking Tour of the Yates Street Heritage District".
According to the City's Official Plan, Yates Street is a residential neighbourhood. Therefore, business owners are not allowed to open any businesses along the area. However, there are hundreds of businesses that surround the district since it is located in the downtown core of St. Catharines.
A couple years ago, McGarr Realtors has decided to build a build a condominium in hopes to commemorate its past history and promote the future through luxurious living in the metropolitan district of St. Catharines. Although a building is being built along Yates Street, there are several factors that the realtor had to consider before construction.
Figure 12: A projected look of McGarr Realtor's Condominium located on 77 Yates Street (Source: Google Images)
Recreational Uses:
While there are many recreational areas in downtown St. Catharines, there are not many recreational areas along Yates Street Heritage District. The only recreational park that is formal and controlled by the city is Memorial Park. Memorial Park was formed after the construction of the Burgoyne Bridge. It is a small park that is meant to commemorate the soldiers who have passed away during World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.
Oakhill Park is also located near William Hamilton Merritt's former home. In the past, William Hamilton Merritt's wife would be able to look down the hill and see the Welland Canal, the mills, and other businesses that were once located there. In 1923, Oakhill Park was later donated to the city for use as a park by the Merritt family. Unfortunately, over the years, the park has not been upkept by the city. However, the original stone fence and terrace walls are still present today (The St. Catharines Heritage Committee, n.d.).
There are however informal recreational uses. Although there are no bike paths, hiking trails, etc. for residents to enjoy, the neighbourhood itself is so beautiful and unique making it a place that many people enjoy walking through. Walking along Yates Street is a beneficial way to de-stress from everyday stressors while also learning about the history of St. Catharines.
Figure 13: A look of Oakhill Park and the original stone fence today (Source: Google Maps)
Ownership, jurisdiction, access, and management
Yates Street Heritage District is privately owned by property owners who have purchased the houses, but the Ontario Heritage Act ensures that the area is preserved for historical significance. As a result, the homes of Yates Street are owned by multiple people. Although people have invested a lot of their own money into living in the area, they must comply and follow the strict rules that have been put in place to ensure that the historical value does not disappear. It is in a very quiet neighbourhood surrounded by the busiest parts of downtown St. Catharines, making it a place where many people would like to stop and see while visiting downtown. While public access is permitted in the area, it is important to remain respectful to the residents while walking through the beautiful neighbourhood. During the warmer months, many residents enjoy sitting on their patios with their dogs reading books, talking to their loved ones, or simply just taking in the beautiful scenery that surrounds them.
Since Yates Street is a heritage district, the land ownership and jurisdiction has had a huge influence on the way the landscape looks today. The buildings in the neighbourhood represents a variety of different styles, periods, and expressions (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1995). There are many rules that must be followed by the residents to ensure that the history of Yates Street does not become compromised. For instance, a unique feature of Yates Street are the large trees that line the neighbourhood that have been there for hundreds of years. The tree-lined streetscape is so important to the history of the neighbourhood that the city of St. Catharines has implemented a tree planting program to ensure that the trees remain healthy. In addition, generally, most people like to purchase old looking homes to tear it down and build a new and modern looking home. However, on Yates Street, individuals are not allowed to purchase a home and tear it down due to the history behind it. Many years ago, many of the most important men, such as Calvin Brown, who was the first mayor of the city used to live on 15 Trafalgar Street, just off of Yates Street. He then sold it to James Taylor who owned the Taylor and Bate Brewery, who later sold it to William Barlett Burgoyne. Although it has probably been sold many more times after that, this shows that many of the houses have so much history within them that cannot be demolished. All in all, when comparing the scenery of downtown St. Catharines to Yates Street, there are very few similarities that make it feel as though you are in a different part of the city.
The zoning by-law creates goals and policies that have been set out by establishing development regulations for the land use in the area Below is a map of Yates Street's zoning areas. Through the zoning by-laws, aside from the potential violation of surrounding uses, there is a very small chance that there will be many severe issues that may be faced in the future (The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994).
Figure 14: The Zoning By-Laws of Yates Street Heritage District (Source: The City of St. Catharines Planning Department, 1994)
Zoning By-Laws Legend of Permitting Uses:
RB – Residential B
RC – Residential C
BC – Business and Commercial
G – Park and Greenbelt
There are many surrounding landscapes that surrounds Yates Street Heritage District, which are all interconnected and have a purpose in some way or another. According to Alberti, urban landscapes are a complex phenomenon because they emerge from interactions from both human agents and ecological processes (Alberti, 2008, pp. 93). Specifically, Yates Street is surrounded by the Highway 406, the Welland Canal, Twelve Mile Creek, and the largest, downtown St. Catharines. Highway 406 is solely human-made used as a socio-economic objective to maximize accessibility for humans while minimizing transportation costs (Alberti, 2008, pp. 94). While the Welland Canal was meant for transport ships, it also has other useful purposes such as, increasing drainage and prevent flooding in the city. Downtown St. Catharines also offers a variety of different businesses for all age groups to enjoy. It is home to numerous popular spots, such as Beechwood Donuts, the Meridian Centre, etc. There are also many fast food restaurants, family owned restaurants, fine dining, cafes, banks, etc. in the area. In addition, since St. Catharines is heavily populated with college and university students attending Niagara College and Brock University, there are many night clubs and bars for students to enjoy.
In the past, the Welland Canal Company was an important feature in the city. Although there has been an increase in more cost-efficient and quicker transportation methods, such as airplanes, the Welland Canal is still used today and continues to be extremely useful through the prevention of flooding. Also, as the St. Catharines population continues to increase, Highway 406 is constantly being used by tourists, students, and locals to get to their destinations. All in all, Highway 406 has made everything in St. Catharines so accessible to everybody.
Figure 15: A map of downtown St. Catharines displaying the surrounding areas of Yates Street Heritage District (Source: Google Images)
Citizens First
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St. Catharines, ON.
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This Local Landscape Report was prepared by Lara Oliveros for the Brock University course TMGT 2P94: Human Dominated Ecosystems on November 7, 2019.
All copyrights for cited material rest with the original copyright owners.
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